Chronology of Christianity
(1AD-Present)
Believed to be in the public domain. If this is not
the case, please let us know.
| 1AD-36?
|
Life of Jesus Christ |
| |
| 1AD
|
First year in Christian calendar (a.d. = anno Domini) (see 525),
Augustus
|
| |
(Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus) is emperor of Rome |
| 6
|
Herod Archelaus deposed by Augustus; Samaria, Judea and Idumea annexed
as
|
| |
province Iudaea under direct Roman administration, cap. Caesarea |
| 6-?
|
Quirinius: Legate (Governor) of Syria, 1st Roman tax census of Iudaea |
| 6-9
|
Coponius: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea) |
| 7-26
|
Brief period of peace, free of revolt and bloodshed in Iudaea & Galilee |
| 9-12?
|
M. Ambivius: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea) |
| 12?-15
|
Annius Rufus: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea) |
| 14-37
|
Tiberius I emperor of Rome, b. 42BC |
| 25?
|
Assumption (Testament) of Moses, original Hebrew extant Latin
(Apocrypha) |
| 26-36
|
Pontius Pilate: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea) |
| 27-29?
|
John the Baptist begins ministry (Luke 3,1-2) (15th year of Tiberius) |
| 27-34?
|
Jesus baptized by John the Baptist (Mk1:4-11) |
| 33-34?
|
John the Baptist arrested and killed by Herod Antipas (Luke 3,19-20) |
| 33-36?
|
Jesus' ministry |
| 36?
|
Jesus crucified, Friday, Nisan 14th, March 30th, [Ref: John,
Unauthorized
|
| |
Version/Fox] Last Supper would have been Thursday evening. (7Apr30 &
|
| |
3Apr33 possible Fri/14/Nisan crucifixion dates) |
| |
| 36?-65?
|
Period of oral tradition in Christianity between the time of Jesus and
the time |
| |
the first gospel (Mark) is written, original Christians disperse
throughout
|
| |
Judea and Samaria (Acts 8,1ff), Peter leads the new Christian Church,
|
| |
moves the Church headquarters to Rome |
| |
| 36?-67
|
Period Peter leads the new Christian Church, moves the church
headquarters
|
| |
from Jerusalem to Rome |
| 36?-37
|
Paul of Tarsus has Stephen martyred and the Jerusalem church destroyed
|
| 37
|
Paul of Tarsus is converted (Acts 9) |
| 37-41
|
Gaius Caligula emperor of Rome, declared himself god |
| 37-41?
|
Marullus: Roman Prefect of Iudaea (Samaria, Judea, and Idumea) |
| 40
|
Paul goes to Jerusalem to consult with Peter (Gal 1, 18-20) |
| 41-54
|
Claudius emperor of Rome, killed by poisoning by his wife Agrippina |
| 44
|
James, brother of John, executed by Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12, 1-3) |
| 47-48
|
Paul and Barnabas on Cyprus (Acts 13, 4-12) |
| 48-49
|
Council of Jerusalem, 1st Christian Council, doctrine regarding
circumcision
|
| |
and dietary law is agreed to by apostles and presbyters, written in a
letter
|
| |
addressed to "the brothers of Gentile origin in Antioch, Syria, and
Cilicia"
|
| |
(Acts 15) |
| 48-57?
|
Paul writes Galations |
| 49-50
|
Paul in Corinth (Acts 18) |
| 50?
|
Peshitta translation begun, Hebrew OT->Syriac Aramaic, (Greek NT in 400) |
| 50?
|
Ascension of Isaiah, original written in Hebrew (Ethiopic Bible) |
| 51-52
|
Paul writes 1 Thes |
| 51-52
|
Paul writes 2 Thes |
| 53-62
|
Paul writes Phil |
| 54-68
|
Nero emperor of Rome |
| 56
|
Paul writes 1 Corin |
| 57
|
Paul writes Romans |
| 57
|
Paul writes 2 Corin |
| 57
|
Paul's last visit to Jerusalem [Acts21] |
| 58
|
Paul arrested, imprisoned in Caesarea [Acts25:4] |
| 59
|
Nero kills his mother, Agrippina |
| 60
|
Paul imprisoned in Rome (Acts 28,16) |
| 61-63?
|
Paul? writes Ephesians |
| 61-63
|
Paul writes Philemon |
| 61-63
|
Paul writes Colossians |
| 61-63?
|
Paul? writes 1,2 Timothy, Titus, known as "pastoral epistles" |
| 62?
|
James written by leader of Jerusalem community? (Gal 2,9?), "catholic"
|
| |
epistle |
| 62
|
Paul martyred for treason in Rome |
| 62
|
{Being therefore this kind of person [i.e., a heartless Sadducee],
Ananus,
|
| |
thinking that he had a favorable opportunity because Festus had died and
|
| |
Albinus was still on his way, called a meeting [literally, "sanhedrin"]
of
|
| |
judges and brought into it the brother of Jesus-who-is-called-Messiah,
|
| |
James by name, and some others. He made the accusation that they had
|
| |
transgressed the law, and he handed them over to be stoned.} |
| |
[JA20.9.1,Marginal Jew,p.57] |
| 62
|
Nero kills his wife Octavia and marries Poppaea Sabina |
| 64
|
Great fire of Rome, started by Nero and blamed on Christians, {Therefore
to
|
| |
squelch the rumor , Nero
|
| |
created scapegoats and subjected to the most refined tortures those whom
|
| |
the common people called "Christians," [a group] hated for their
abominable
|
| |
crimes. Their name comes from Christ, who, during the reign of Tiberius,
had
|
| |
been executed by the procurator Pontius Pilate. Suppressed for the
moment,
|
| |
the deadly superstition broke out again, not only in Judea, the land
which
|
| |
originated this evil, but also in the city of Rome, where all sorts of
|
| |
horrendous and shameful practices from every part of the world converge
|
| |
and are fervently cultivated.} [Tacitus Annals 15.44;Marginal |
| |
Jew;Meier;p.89-90] |
| 64-95?
|
1 Peter written in Rome, by Peter the apostle?, "catholic" epistle |
| |
| 65-125
|
Period in which 4 Gospels, Acts, Revelations, and remaining epistles
written
|
| |
- Peter martyred before 1st Holy Gospel is written, 7 Popes before last
|
| |
epistle is completed |
| |
| 65?
|
Q written, (German:Quelle, meaning "source") a hypothetical Greek text
used
|
| |
in writing of Matthew and Luke |
| 65-150
|
Didache: Instructions of the Apostles written |
| 65-150
|
Dialogue of the Savior, Gospel of Peter |
| 65-150
|
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 1224 fragments: pub. 1914 |
| 65-150
|
Gospel of Thomas written, based on Q?, pub. 1959, Greek originals:
Papyrus
|
| |
Ox. 1,654-5 |
| 65-175
|
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 840 fragments: pub. 1908 |
| 65-175
|
Papyrus Egerton 2 (Unknown Gospel) fragments: pub. 1935/87, in Greek
|
| |
from Palestine, one of the oldest extant Christian texts (~175) |
| 65-250
|
Papyrus Fayum (P. Vindob. G. 2325) fragments: pub. 1887 |
| 65-350
|
"Jewish-Christian Gospels": 7 fragments of Gospel of the Ebionites and 7
|
| |
fragments of Gospel of the Hebrews in Greek; 36 fragments of Gospel of
the
|
| |
Nazarenes in Aramaic; [Ref: NT Apocrypha, W. Schneemelcher, vol. 1] |
| 66-70
|
Roman-Jewish War: final destruction of Second Temple (Herod's Temple) |
| 67
|
Peter martyred, crucified upside down in Rome |
| 67-78
|
Pope Linus, 2nd Pope, succeeds Peter (Linus mentioned in 2 Tm 4,21) |
| 67
|
General Vespasian of Rome conquers Galilee |
| 68
|
Nero commits suicide, resurrects as "Nero redivivus", Rev's 666? (see
81) |
| 68
|
Galba emperor of Rome (6/68-1/69) |
| 68
|
Qumran (Essenes?) community destroyed by Rome, site of Dead Sea Scrolls
|
| |
found in 1949 |
| 69
|
Otho emperor of Rome (1/69-4/69) |
| 69
|
Vitellius emperor of Rome (6/69-12/69) |
| 69
|
Flavian Dynasty of Rome (Vespian, Titus, Domitian) |
| 69-79
|
Vespian emperor of Rome, quells unrest in Rome and Jerusalem |
| 70
|
Collapse of Jewish self-government in Judea and destruction of the
Temple in
|
| |
Jerusalem |
| 70
|
Gospel according to Mark written in Rome, by Peter's interpreter? (1
Peter
|
| |
5,13), original ending apparently lost, endings added c 400 |
| 70?
|
"Signs Gospel" written, hypothetical Greek text used in Gospel of John
to
|
| |
prove Jesus is the Messiah |
| 70-640
|
Sanhedrin (High Court) period of Judaism, rise of house of Hillel |
| 75-90
|
Gospel according to Luke written, based on Mark and Q |
| 75-90
|
Acts of the Apostles written, same author as Gospel according to Luke |
| 79-81
|
Titus emperor of Rome, eldest son of Vespasian |
| 79-91
|
Pope Anacletus, 3rd Pope, known as "blameless" (as in Titus 1,7?) |
| 79
|
Mt Vesuvius, volcano overlooking Naples Bay, erupts, engulfs Pompeii |
| 80-85
|
Gospel according to Matthew written, based on Mark and Q, most popular
in
|
| |
early Church |
| 81-96
|
Domitian emperor of Rome, son of Vespasian, "Nero redivivus?" (see 68) |
| 81-96
|
Revelations written, by John (son of Zebedee) and/or a disciple of his |
| 90-100
|
1 John written, by author(s) of 4th gospel, "catholic" epistle |
| 90-100
|
2,3 John written, by "elder", disciple of John (son of Zebedee)?,
"catholic"
|
| |
epistle |
| 90-100
|
Gospel according to John written, by John (son of Zebedee) and others,
only
|
| |
eyewitness to Jesus?, disciple Jesus loved?, Gnostic? |
| 90?
|
Josephus claims exactly 22 Jewish (OT) books: 5 Law, 13 History, 4 Hymns |
| 91-101
|
Pope Clement I, 4th Pope, (mentioned in Phil 4,3), wrote letter to
Corinth in |
| |
95 called "1 Clement" |
| 94
|
"Jewish Antiquities", by Josephus in Aramaic, trans. to Grk.,
Testimonium
|
| |
Flavianum: {At this time there appeared Jesus, a wise man. For he was a
|
| |
doer of startling deeds, a teacher of people who receive the truth with
|
| |
pleasure. And he gained a following both among many Jews and among many
|
| |
of Greek origin. And when Pilate, because of an accusation made by the
|
| |
leading men among us, condemned him to the cross, those who had loved
him
|
| |
previously did not cease to do so. And up until this very day the tribe
of
|
| |
Christians (named after him) has not died out.} [JA18.3.3 Meier
redaction,
|
| |
Marginal Jew, p.61] |
| 96?
|
Hebrews written, by ? |
| 96-98
|
Nerva emperor of Rome |
| 98-116
|
Trajan emperor of Rome, Roman empire reaches maximum size |
| 100?
|
Odes of Solomon, written in Greek or Syriac, ref by John? (Apocrypha) |
| 100?
|
Epistle of Barnabas, Christian exegesis of LXX (AF = Apostolic Fathers) |
| 100?
|
2 Clement, an old sermon but not by Clement (AF = Apostolic Fathers) |
| 100?
|
2 Esdras (Vg:4 Esdras), Hebrew?, claims 24 OT books (Vulgate & Peshitta) |
| 100?
|
Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch:Syriac, 3 Baruch:Greek) (Peshitta) |
| 100?
|
Paralipomena of Jeremiah (4 Baruch), written in Hebrew (Ethiopic Bible) |
| 100?
|
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, Aramaic and Hebrew fragments found
|
| |
at Qumran Caves 1,4 (Armenian Bible) |
| 100?
|
Jude written, probably by doubting relative of Jesus (Mark 6,3),
rejected by
|
| |
some early Christians due to its reference to apocryphal Book of Enoch
|
| |
(v14), "catholic" epistle |
| 100-125?
|
2 Peter written, by ?, not accepted into canon until early 400s, drew
upon
|
| |
Epistle of Jude, "catholic" epistle |
| 100-150
|
Secret Book (Apocryphon) of James, Gospel of Mary Magdalene, Infancy
|
| |
Gospels of Thomas and James, Secret Gospel (of Mark) (Complete Gospels) |
| 101-109
|
Pope Evaristus, 5th Pope |
| 109-116
|
Pope Alexander, 6th Pope |
| 110?
|
Letter of Polycarp to the Philippians, written by Polycarp (160) (AF) |
| 110?
|
"Letters of Ignatius", bishop of Antioch, martyred in Rome, his letters
were
|
| |
subjected to heavy Christian forgery esp. 4th cent. (Apostolic Fathers) |
| 116-125
|
Pope Sixtus I, 7th Pope |
| 117-138
|
Hadrian emperor of Rome, builds wall across Britain |
| |
| 125-350
|
Period of Christianity during which the first Bible was assembled -
Christians |
| |
are fiercely persecuted and then finally tolerated by the Roman Empire,
Great |
| |
Plague in Rome |
| |
| 125-136
|
Pope Telesphorus, 8th Pope, martyred |
| 125?
|
Papyrus 52: oldest extant NT fragment, p.1935, parts of Jn18:31-33,37-38 |
| 125?
|
Shepherd of Hermas, written in Rome (AF = Apostolic Fathers) |
| 130-200
|
"Christian Apologists" writings against Roman Paganism by: Justin Martyr
|
| |
(165), Athenagoras (180?), Aristides (145?), Theophilus of Antioch
(185?),
|
| |
Tatian (170), Quadratus (130?), Melito of Sardis (180?), Apollinaris of
|
| |
Hierapolis (180?), also Epistle to Diognetus in Apostolic Fathers |
| 130?
|
"Gospel of Basilides", a 24 book commentary?, lost |
| 130?
|
Papias, bishop of Hierapolis in Asia Minor, wrote: "Expositions of the
Sayings |
| |
of the Lord", lost, widely quoted, see Eusebius (340) (AF) |
| 130?
|
Aquila of Pontus, Roman convert to Christianity then to Judaism, student
of
|
| |
Rabban Gamaliel, compiled literal Greek OT translation in Jabneh
(Jamnia) |
| 132-135
|
Bar Kokhba Revolt: final Jewish revolt, Judea and Jerusalem erased from
|
| |
maps, all of southern Syria renamed Palestine (coined by Herodotus) |
| 138-161
|
Antoninus Pius emperor of Rome |
| 138-142
|
Pope Hyginus, 9th Pope |
| 140
|
Letters of Marcion, produces his own canon without OT and using only a
|
| |
heavily edited Luke + 10 Pauline Epistles, cites "Western" Gospel
text-type |
| 140?
|
Apocalypse of Peter, written in Greek [NT Apocrypha,Schneemelcher,v.2] |
| 142-155
|
Pope Pius I, 10th Pope |
| 150?
|
Gospel of the Egyptians, Coptic translation of orig. Greek (Nag Hammadi) |
| 150?
|
"Western Revisor" adds/subtracts from original Acts to produce "Western"
|
| |
version which is 10% larger and found in Papyrus P29,38,48 and Codex
|
| |
Bezae (D) |
| 150?
|
Papyrus Chester Beatty 6: R963, Greek Num 5:12-36:13, Deut 1:20-34:12 |
| 155-166
|
Pope Anicetus, 11th Pope |
| 160?
|
Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, martyred at age 86: "Let. to Philip." (110) |
| 160?
|
Martyrdom of Polycarp, in Greek (Apostolic Fathers, ISBN:0-8010-5676-4) |
| 161-180
|
Marcus Aurelius emperor of Rome |
| 164-180
|
Great Plague in Roman Empire |
| 166-174
|
Pope Soter, 12th Pope, moved Easter from Nisan 14 to following Sunday |
| 170
|
Letters of Irenaeus, bishop of Lyons, cites "Western" Gospel text-type |
| 170
|
Christian council on Montanist sect in Asia Minor |
| 170
|
Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Corinth, claims Christians were changing
and
|
| |
faking his own letters just as [he knew] they had changed the Gospels |
| 170
|
Tatian produces "Diatessaron" (Harmony) by blending 4 "Western"
text-type
|
| |
Gospels into 1 |
| 170?
|
Symmachus, an Ebionite, writes an entirely new Greek OT translation |
| 174-189
|
Pope Eleutherius, 13th Pope |
| 175?
|
Acts of Paul (inc. 3 Cor.), in Greek [NT Apocrypha,Schneemelcher,v.2] |
| 180-192
|
Commodus emperor of Rome |
| 185-350
|
Canon Muratorian, 1st extant for NT?, written in Rome by Hippolytus?,
|
| |
excludes Hebrews, James, 1-2 Peter, 3 John; includes Wisdom of Solomon,
|
| |
Apocalypse of Peter |
| 189-198
|
Pope Victor I, 1st Latin Pope, 14th Pope, excommunicated Eastern
churches
|
| |
that continued to observe Easter on Nisan 14 "Quartodeciman", (see 166,
|
| 190) |
| 190
|
Christian council to determine "official" date of Easter |
| 193-211
|
Septimius Severus emperor of Rome |
| 197
|
Writings of Apollonius, uses the term "catholic" in reference to 1 John |
| 198-217
|
Pope Zephyrinus, 15th Pope |
| 200
|
Bishop of Antioch notes Gospel of Peter (see 65?) being used in Cilicia |
| 200?
|
Papyrus 66: 2nd Bodmer, John, 1956, "Alexandrian/Western" text-types:
|
| |
Jn 1:1-6:11,35-7:52;8:12-14:26,29-30;15:2-26;16:2-4,6-7,10- |
| |
20:20,22-23,25-21:9 |
| 200?
|
Papyrus 75: Bodmer 14-15, Luke & John, earliest extant Luke, ~Vaticanus;
|
| |
Lk3:18-22,33-4:2,34-5:10,37-6:4,10-7:32,35-39,41-43,46-9:2,4- |
| |
17:15,19-18:18; 22:4-24:53; Jn1:1-7:52;8:12-11:45,48-57;12:3- |
| |
13:1,8-9;14:8-30;15:7-8 |
| 200?
|
Papyrus 46: 2nd Chester Beatty, "Alexandrian" text-type: Rm5:17-6:3,5- |
| |
14;8:15-25,27-35,37-9:32;10:1-11:22,24-33,35-15:9,11-16:27;Hb1:1- |
| |
9:16,18-10:20,22-30,32-13:25;1Cr1:1-9:2,4-14:14,16-15:15,17- |
| |
16:22;2Cr1:1-11:10,12-21,23-13:13;Ep1:1-2:7,10-5:6,8-6:6,8,20- |
| |
24;Gl1:1-8,10-2:9,12-21;3:2-29;4:2-18,20-5:17,20-6:8,10- |
| |
18;Ph1:1,5-15,17-28,30-2:12,14-27,29-3:8,10-21;4:2-12,14- |
| |
23;Cl1:1-2,5-13,16-24,27-2:19,23-3:11,13-24;4:3-12,16- |
| |
18;1Th1:1,9-2:3;5:5-9,23-28 |
| 200?
|
Papyrus 32: J. Rylands Library: Titus 1:11-15;2:3-8 |
| 200?
|
Papyrus 64 (+67): Mt3:9,15;5:20-22,25-28;26:7-8,10,14-15,22-23,31- |
| |
33 |
| 200?
|
Old Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, Syr(s) & Syr(c), of "Western" text-type |
| 200?
|
Latin Bible translations begun in Carthage?, originals no longer extant |
| 200?
|
Sahidic Coptic cop(sa) Bible translations written in Alexendria |
| 212-217
|
Geta then Caracalla emperors of Rome |
| 217-236
|
Anti-Pope Hippolytus, bishop of Rome, "Logos" sect, 1st Anti-Pope |
| |
(illegitimate claimants of or pretenders to the papal throne) |
| 217-222
|
Pope Callistus I, 16th Pope |
| 218-222
|
Heliogabalus emperor of Rome |
| 220
|
Goths invade Asia Minor and Balkans |
| 220?
|
Clement of Alexandria, b.150?, bishop, cites "Alexandrian" NT text-type
& |
| |
Secret Gospel of Mark & Gospel of the Egyptians; wrote: "Exhortations to
the |
| |
Greeks";"Rich Man's Salutation";"To the Newly Baptized"; (Loeb Classics) |
| 222-230
|
Pope Urban I, 17th Pope |
| 222-235
|
Alexandar Severus emperor of Rome |
| 223?
|
Tertullian, wr: "de Spectaculis" (Latin): v30.6 cites rumor Jesus son of
|
| |
prostitute, coined "New Testament", cites "Western" Gospel text-type
(Loeb) |
| 225?
|
Papyrus 45: 1st Chester Beatty, Gospels (Caesarean), Acts (Alexandrian):
|
| |
Mt20:24-32;21:13-19;25:41-26:39; Mk4:36-40;5:15-26,38-6:3,16- |
| |
25,36-50;7:3-15 ,25-8:1,10-26,34-9:9,18-31;11:27-12:1,5-8,13- |
| |
19,24-28; Lk6:31-41,45-7:7;9:26 -41,45-10:1,6-22,26-11:1,6-25,28- |
| |
46,50-12:12,18-37,42-13:1,6-24,29-14:10,17-33; Jn10:7-25,30- |
| |
11:10,18-36,42-57; Ac4:27-36;5:10-21,30-39;6:7-7:2,10-21,32- |
| |
41,52-8:1,14-25,34-9:6,16-27,35-10:2,10-23,31-41;11:2-14,24- |
| |
12:5,13-22;13:6-16,25-36,46-14:3,15-23;15:2-7,19-27,38-16:4,15- |
| |
21,32-40;17:9-17 |
| 225?
|
Papyrus 967: Chester Beatty 9, Greek Ezekiel 11:25-end, ~Codex Vaticanus |
| 230-236
|
Pope Pontian, 18th Pope |
| 230-250
|
Christian council of Rome, Demetrius bishop of Alex. condemns Origen who
in
|
| |
248 cited a rumor recorded by Celsus that "Jesus fabricated the account
of
|
| |
his birth from a virgin. In reality, Jesus' mother was driven out by the
|
| |
carpenter husband to whom she was betrothed because she had committed
|
| |
adultery with a [Roman] soldier named Panthera [thus the ben Pantere of
|
| |
Jewish sources]. Left poor and homeless, she gave birth to Jesus in
secret.
|
| |
Jesus later spent time in Egypt, where he hired himself out as a
laborer,
|
| |
learned magic, and so came to claim the title of God." [CC1.28-32,
Marginal
|
| |
Jew, Meier, p. 223] |
| 236-238
|
Maximus emperor of Rome, ends Christian schism in Rome by deporting Pope
|
| |
Pontian and anti-Pope Hippolytus to Sardinia where they soon die |
| 236-237
|
Pope Anterus, 19th Pope |
| 237-250
|
Pope Fabian, 20th Pope |
| 238-244
|
Gordian I, II, Balbinus, Pupienus, Gordian III emperors of Rome |
| 240-250
|
Christian council of Carthage |
| 244-249
|
Philip the Arabian emperor of Rome |
| 249-251
|
Decius emperor of Rome |
| 249
|
Rome celebrates 1000th anniversary |
| 250
|
Rome steps up persecution of Christians, martyrs revered as saints |
| 250
|
Letters of Methodius, Pistis Sophia, Porphyry Tyrius; church fathers |
| 250?
|
Mandeans (followers of John the Baptist) begin compilation of "Ginza" |
| 250?
|
Papyrus 72: Bodmer 5-11+, pub. 1959, "Alexandrian" text-type: Nativity
of
|
| |
Mary; 3Cor; Odes of Solomon 11; Jude 1-25; Melito's Homily on Passover;
|
| |
Hymn fragment; Apology of Phileas; Ps33,34; 1Pt1:1-5:14; 2Pt1:1-3:18; |
| 250?
|
Papyrus Chester Beatty: #5:R962: Gn8:13-9:2,24:13-46:33,Enoch91-105;
|
| |
#7: I8:18-19:13,38:14-45:5,54:1=60:22; #8: Jr4:30-5:24; #10: Dn1- |
| |
12:13(+Add),Bel4-39,Sus5-end,Esther1:1a-8:6(+Add) |
| 251-253
|
Gallus emperor of Rome |
| 251-253
|
Pope Cornelius, 21st Pope |
| 251-258
|
Anti-Pope Novatian, decreed no forgiveness for sins after baptism |
| 253-260
|
Valerian emperor of Rome, executes all Bishops, Priests, and Deacons |
| 253-254
|
Pope Lucius I, 22nd Pope |
| 254
|
Letters of Origen, Jesus and God one substance, adopted at Council of
Nicaea
|
| |
in 325, compiled "Hexapla": 6 versions of LXX side by side: Hebrew,
Hebrew
|
| |
transliterated in Greek, Aquila's Greek trans., Symmachus' Greek trans.,
|
| |
Origen's revised LXX Greek trans., Theodotion's revised LXX; also |
| |
Quinta/Sexta/Septima trans., Tetragrammaton in square Hebrew script;
|
| |
cites "Alexandrian" & "Caesarean" NT text-types; Eusebius claimed Origen
|
| |
castrated himself for Christ due to Mt19:12 [EH6.8.1-3] |
| 254-257
|
Pope Steven I, 23rd Pope, major schism over rebaptizing heretics and
|
| |
apostates |
| 257-258
|
Pope Sixtus II, 24th Pope, martyred |
| 257
|
Visigoths and Ostrogoths invade Black Sea area, Franks invade Spain |
| 258
|
Letters of Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, cites "Western" NT text-type,
claims
|
| |
Christians are freely forging his letters to discredit him |
| 260-268
|
Gallienus emperor of Rome, reverses Valerian, restores Roman Church |
| 260-268
|
Pope Dionysius, 25th Pope, rebuilds Roman Church after Valerian's
massacre |
| 264-268
|
Christian council on Paul of Samosata, Bishop of Antioch, founder of
|
| |
Adoptionism (Jesus was human until Holy Spirit descended at his baptism) |
| 264?
|
Letters of Dionysius, bishop of Alexandria, b.190? |
| 268
|
Goths sack Athens, Sparta, Corinth |
| 268-270
|
Claudius II emperor of Rome |
| 269-274
|
Pope Felix I, 26th Pope |
| 270-275
|
Aurelian emperor of Rome |
| 275-283
|
Pope Eutychian, 27th Pope, decreed that only beans and grapes be blessed
at
|
| |
Mass |
| 275?
|
Papyrus 47: 3rd Chester Beatty, ~Sinaiticus, Rv9:10-11:3,5-16:15,17- |
| |
17:2 |
| 276-282
|
Marcus Aurelius Probus emperor of Rome |
| 276
|
Mani, b.215, crucified, founder of Manichaean Christian sect in Persia |
| 283-296
|
Pope Gaius, 28th Pope |
| 284-305
|
Diocletian emperor of Rome, notorius persecuter of Christians |
| 285
|
Roman empire partitioned into Western and Eastern empires |
| 290-345
|
St Pachomius establishes 1st monastery in Egypt |
| 296-304
|
Pope Marcellinus, 29th Pope, apostate, offered pagan sacrifices for
|
| |
Diocletian |
| 300?
|
Bohairic Coptic cop(bo) Bible translations written in Alexandria |
| 300?
|
Hesychius of Alex., martyr, translates Hebrew OT to Greek, lost [Jerome] |
| 300?
|
Papyrus Berlin Codex of Greek Genesis; Papyrus Bodmer 24 of Greek
Psalms;
|
| |
Codex Freer of Greek Minor Prophets; all published in 1927 |
| 300?
|
other 3rd century NT witnesses: P1:Mt1:1-9,12,14-20 P4:Lk1:58-59,62- |
| |
2:1, 6-7;3:8-4:2,29-32,34-35;5:3-8,30-6:16 P5:Jn1:23-31,33- |
| |
40;16:14-30;20:11-17, 19-20,22-25 P9:1Jn4:11-12,14-17 P12:Hb1:1 |
| |
P15:1Cr7:18-8:4 P20:Jm2:19-3:9 P22:Jn15:25-16:2,21-32 |
| |
P23:Jm1:10-12,15-18 P27:Rm8:12-22,24-27,33-9:3,5-9 P28:Jn6:8- |
| |
12,17-22 P29:Ac26:7-8,20 P30:1Th4:12-13,16-17;5:3,8-10,12-18,25- |
| |
28;2Th1:1-2 P38:Ac18:27-19:6,12-16 P39:Jn8:14-22 P40:Rm1:24- |
| |
27,31-2:3;3:21-4:8;6:4-5:16;9:16-17:27 P48:Ac23:11-17,23-29 |
| |
P49:Ep4:16-29,31-5:13 P53:Mt26:29-40;Ac9:33-10:1 P65:1Th1:3- |
| |
2:1,6-13 P69:Lk22:41,45-48,58-61 P70:Mt2:13-16,22-3:1;11:26- |
| |
27;12:4-5;24:3-6,12-15 P80:Jn3:34 P87:Pm13-15,24-25 |
| |
#0171:Mt10:17-23,25-32;Lk22:44-56,61-64 #0189:Ac5:3-21 |
| |
#0220:Rm4:23-5:3,8-13 #0212(Diatessaron):Mt27:56-57;Mk15:40- |
| |
42;Lk23:49-51,54;Jn19:38 |
| 303-311
|
Last persecution of Christians in Rome |
| 304
|
Letters of Victor, bishop of Pettau |
| 306-337
|
Emperor Constantine the Great, convert to Christianity |
| 306-312
|
Maxentius emperor of Western Roman Empire |
| 306-308
|
Pope Marcellus I, 30th Pope, tried removing prior Pope Marcellinus from
|
| |
official records for apostasy, exiled from Rome by Maxentius for
disturbing
|
| |
the peace |
| 310
|
Pope Eusebius, 31st Pope, deported to Sicily with anti-Pope Heraclius by
|
| |
Maxentius |
| 311-314
|
Pope Miltiades, 32nd Pope, Constantine gives Fausta's palace as papal
|
| |
residence |
| 312
|
Lucian, founded Exegetical School of Antioch, martyred |
| 312
|
Constantine defeats Maxentius at Milvian Bridge, reunites Roman Empire |
| 313
|
Edict of Milan, Constantine establishes toleration of Christianity |
| 313
|
Miltiades excommunicates Donatus for requiring rebaptism of apostates |
| 314-335
|
Pope Silvester I, 33rd Pope |
| 314
|
Council of Arles, called by Constantine against Donatist (Donatus)
schism |
| 317
|
Letters of Lactantius, early Christian church father |
| 321
|
Constantine decrees Sunday as offical Roman-Christian day of rest |
| 325
|
Council of Nicaea, called by Constantine against Arianism (336), called
1st
|
| |
great Christian council by Jerome, 1st ecumenical, 318 bishops attend,
|
| |
Nicaean Creed |
| 325?
|
Fayyumic Coptic cop(mf) translation fragment of John 6:11-15:11 |
| 330
|
Old Saint Peter's Basilica dedicated by Constantine, located over the
|
| |
traditional burial site of Saint Peter the Apostle in Rome on Vatican
Hill
|
| 331
|
Seat of Roman Empire moved to Constantinople (formally Byzantium) |
| 336-337
|
Pope Mark, 34th Pope |
| 336
|
Arius, Greek theologian - Arianism (Jesus was a created being) |
| 337-350
|
Roman empire splits again, Constans emperor of West until 350 |
| 337-361
|
Roman empire splits again, Constantius emperor of East until 361 |
| 337-352
|
Pope Julius I, 35th Pope |
| 338
|
Jewish calendar modified with different year lengths to correct to Solar |
| 340?
|
Eusebius of Caesarea (260-340), theologian & church historian, cites
|
| |
"Caesarean" NT text-type, wrote: "Ecclesiastical History" (EH); Loeb
|
| |
Classics: 2 volumes {Papias, bishop of Hierapolis (130?), claims that
John
|
| |
the Elder, a disciple of Jesus, told him that Mark "was the interpreter
of
|
| |
Peter and wrote down carefully what he remembered of what had been said
|
| |
or done by the Lord, but not in the right order." Also claims that
"Matthew
|
| |
composed the sayings in Hebrew [more likely Aramaic] and each one |
| |
translated them as he could."} [Ref: EH3.39.15, Unauthorized Version,
Fox,
|
| |
p.126-127] Eusebius' NT Canon: Recognized Books: 4 Holy Gospels, Acts,
14
|
| |
Pauline Epistles, 1Jn, 1Pt; Disputed Books: Rev, James, Jude, 2Pt,
2-3Jn,
|
| |
Acts of Paul, Hermas, Apocalypse of Peter, Barnabas, Didache, Gospel of
the
|
| |
Hebrews; Rejected Books: Gospels of Peter, Thomas, Matthias, Acts of
|
| |
Andrew, John ... [EH3.25], used the term "catholic" to refer to all
seven
|
| |
epistles - James; 1,2,3 John; 1,2 Peter; Jude |
| |
| 350-400
|
Period of time between the 1st Christian Bible and the 1st Western
Christian
|
| |
Bible, during which the books contained in Bibles varied |
| |
|
| 350
|
Letters of Adamantius, Firmicus Maternus; early Christian church fathers |
| 350?
|
Codex Sinaiticus (S or ): earliest Christian Bible, (LXX - 2- |
| |
3Maccabees - Psalms of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT + Barnabas + Hermas),
|
| |
missing Hermas31.7-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text- |
| |
type |
| 350?
|
Codex Vaticanus (B): earliest Christian Bible (LXX - 1-4Maccabees -
Psalms
|
| |
of Solomon - Ps151 + 27NT), missing Gn1-46:28, Ps105:27-137:6, 1Tm- |
| |
Phm, Heb9:14-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type |
| 350?
|
Papyrus Antinoopolis of Book of Proverbs in Greek, published in 1950 |
| 350?
|
Papyrus Chester Beatty: #4:R961: Greek Gn9:1-44:22; #11: Greek |
| |
Sir36:28- 37:22,46:6-47:2; #12: Greek Enoch93:12-13,94:7-8,97:6- |
| |
104:13,106:1-107:3 |
| 350?
|
Papyrus Bodmer 45-46: Greek Susanna, Daniel 1:1-20 (Theodotion's LXX) |
| 350?
|
Canon Cheltenham: 24NT books (excludes James, Jude, Hebrews) |
| 350?
|
Akhmimic cop(ac) & Sub-Akhmimic cop(ac2) Coptic translations of John |
| 350?
|
Ulfilas, apostle to the Goths (Germans), translates Greek NT to Gothic |
| 352-366
|
Pope Liberius, 36th Pope |
| 354-430
|
St. Augustine, Latin Bishop considered the founder of formalized
Christian
|
| |
theology, church father |
| 355-365
|
Anti-Pope Felix II, Arianism (336), supported by Constantius II |
| 360
|
Huns invade Europe, scrolls begin to be replaced by books (Codex) |
| 361-363
|
Julian the Apostate emperor of East, attempts to revive Paganism |
| 363
|
Council of Laodicea names 26 NT books (excludes Revelations) |
| 363
|
Letters of Marius Victorinus, Acacius of Caesarea; early church fathers |
| 364
|
Council of Laodicea decrees death for Christians who keep 7th day
Sabbath |
| 366-384
|
Pope Damasus I, 37th Pope, hired thugs to massacre rival Ursinians
|
| |
(Liberians) |
| 366-367
|
Anti-Pope Ursinus, leader of supporters of former Pope Liberius |
| 367
|
Athanasias, bishop of Alexandria, first citing of modern 27 NT canon |
| 367
|
Letters of Hilary of Poitiers, Lucifer of Calaris; early church fathers |
| 367
|
Athanasius, d.373, bishop of Alexandria, first cite of modern 27NT canon |
| 370
|
Epiphanius, bishop of Salamis, Cyprus; cites 27NT + Wisdom of Solomon |
| 370
|
Doctrine of Addai at Edessa proclaims 17 book NT canon using Diatessaron
|
| |
(instead of the 4 Gospels) + Acts + 15 Pauline Epistles (inc. 3
Corinthians) |
| 373
|
Letters of Ephraem Syrus, cites "Western" Acts text-type |
| 378
|
Letters of Titus of Bostra, Ambrosiaster, Priscillian; church fathers |
| 379-395
|
Theodosius the Great, last emperor of the united empire |
| 380
|
Feb 27, Christianity declared official state religion by Theodosius |
| 381
|
Council of Theodosius at Constantinople, 2nd ecumenical, Jesus had true
|
| |
human soul |
| 382-384
|
Pope Damasus I has Jerome revise and unify Latin Bibles |
| 383
|
Roman legions begin to evacuate Britain |
| 384
|
Jerome presents Pope Damasus I with new Latin Gospels, originals lost |
| 384-399
|
Pope Siricius, 38th Pope, criticized Jerome |
| 390
|
Apollinaris of Laodicea, Jesus had human body but divine spirit |
| 390
|
Letters of Tyconius, Gregory of Nyssa, Didymus of Alex.; church fathers |
| 391?
|
Ammianus Marcellinus, b.330, Christian historian, wrote: "Res gestae" |
| 393,397
|
Augustine's Councils, cites exactly 27 NT books (see 354) |
| 395
|
Theodosius prohibits practice of Pagan rituals including Olympic Games |
| 395
|
Ausonius, b.310?, Christian governor of Gaul; Loeb Classics 2v (Latin) |
| 396
|
Alaric, king of the Visigoths, plunders Athens |
| 397
|
Ambrose, b.333?, bishop & governor of Milan, wrote: "de Fide" ... |
| 399-401
|
Pope Anastasius I, 39th Pope |
| |
| 400-484
|
Era between 1st Western Christian Bible and the Great Schism - Christian
|
| |
doctrine is formed, Roman empire ends |
| |
| 400?
|
Vulgate Bible, by Jerome?, (340?-420) originals lost, Vulgate Latin text
|
| |
becomes standard Western Christian Bible |
| 400?
|
Jerome cites "expanded" ending in Mark after Mark 16,14 |
| 400?
|
Jerome adds Pericope of the Adultress (John 7,53-8,11) |
| 400?
|
Codex Vercellensis it(a): Latin Gospels, of "European" text-type |
| 400?
|
Peshitta Bible, Syriac (Aramaic) Vulgate, Syr(p), OT + 22 NT, excludes:
|
| |
2Pt, 2-3Jn, Jude, Rev; Peshitta becomes standard Syrian Christian Bible |
| 400?
|
Codex Bobiensis it(k): ~half of Mt/Mk in Latin, "African" (Carthage)
text- |
| |
type, has "shorter" ending of Mark after Mk16:8 |
| 401-417
|
Pope Innocent I, 40th Pope, decreed Roman custom the norm for
Christianity |
| 401
|
Visigoths invade Italy |
| 403
|
Letters of Epiphanius of Constantia, John Chrysostom; church fathers |
| 410
|
Visigoths sack Rome under king Alaric |
| 414
|
Letters of Nicetas of Remesiana, Orosius; early Christian church fathers |
| 415
|
Bishop Cyril of Alex. (444) expels Jews, kills Hypatia with oyster
shells |
| 416
|
Visigoths take Spain |
| 417-418
|
Pope Zosimus, 41st Pope |
| 418-422
|
Pope Boniface I, 42nd Pope |
| 418-419
|
Anti-Pope Eulalius |
| 418
|
Franks take Gaul |
| 420
|
St. Jerome, (S.E. Hieronymus), b.340?, Latin scholar; (Loeb Classics) |
| 422-432
|
Pope Celestine I, 43rd Pope |
| 423
|
Theodoret, bishop of Cyrrhus, notes Tatian's Harmony (170) in heavy use |
| 431
|
Council of Ephesus, 3rd ecumenical, decreed Mary the Mother of God |
| 429
|
Picts and Scots expelled from southern England by Anglo-Saxon-Jutes |
| 430
|
St. Augustine, b.354, origin of "Original Sin," church father &
philosopher, |
| |
wrote: "The City of God", "Confessions"; Loeb Classics 10 v. (Latin) |
| 430
|
Letters of Marcus Eremita, Nilus of Ancyra; Christian church fathers |
| 431
|
Syrian Christianity splits into East (Nestorian-disagreed with Council
of
|
| |
Ephesus) and West (Jacobites) |
| 432
|
St Patrick begins mission in Ireland |
| 432-440
|
Pope Sixtus III, 44th Pope |
| 433-453
|
Attila the Hun, "Scourge of the Gods" |
| 440-461
|
Pope Leo I, 45th Pope |
| 444
|
Letters of Cyril of Alexandria, Arnobius the Younger; church fathers |
| 450
|
Mark's Resurrection of Jesus added to Bible (Mark 16, 9-20) |
| 450?
|
Codex Alexandrinus (A): (LXX - 1-2Maccabees + 14_Church_Odes + 27NT +
|
| |
1-2Clement), missing 1K12:17-14:9, Ps49:20-79:11, Psalms of Solomon,
|
| |
Mt1-25:6, Jn6:50-8:52, 2Cr4:13-12:6, 1Clement57.7-63.4, |
| |
2Clement12.5b-end; of "Alexandrian" text-type: most accurate text-type |
| 450?
|
Codex Bezae (D): Greek/Latin Gospels + Acts; Codex Washingtonianus (W):
|
| |
Greek Gospels; both of "Western" text-type: "fondness for paraphrase" |
| 450?
|
Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus (C): Greek LXX + 27NT, many gaps |
| 450?
|
Codex Marchalianus (Q): Greek LXX + Luke + John, many gaps |
| 450?
|
Codex Ambrosianus (F): Greek Genesis to Joshua |
| 450?
|
Codex Freer: Greek Deuteronomy and Joshua |
| 450?
|
Codex Colberto-Sarravianus: Origen's Greek Hexapla LXX of Gen-Judg |
| 450?
|
Codex Palatinus it(e): Latin Gospels, "African" (Carthage) text-type |
| 450?
|
Codex Veronensis it(b): Latin Gospels, "European/Vulgate" text-type |
| 450?
|
Syr(pal), Palestinian Syriac (Aramaic) Gospels, of "Caesarean" text-type |
| 450?
|
std. Aramaic Targums, T. Onkelos of Torah, T. Jonathan of Prophets |
| 451
|
Council of Chalcedon, 4th ecumenical, declared Jesus is 2 natures, both
|
| |
human and divine in one, a compromise solution of Jesus god/man schisms |
| 451
|
Nestorius of Constantinople, Nestorians: Mary was *not* "Mother of God" |
| 451
|
Letters of Hesychius, Quodvultdeus; early Christian church fathers |
| 454
|
Eutyches of Constantinople, Monophysites: Jesus was divine but not human |
| 455
|
Vandals sack Rome |
| 457-474
|
Pope Leo I, 46th Pope, becomes emperor of remaining (eastern) Roman
|
| |
empire |
| 461-468
|
Pope Hilarus, 47th Pope |
| 463
|
Letters of Prosper of Aquitaine, early Christian church father |
| 466
|
Letters of Shenute of Atripe, Theodoret of Cyrrhus; early church fathers |
| 468-483
|
Pope Simplicius, 48th Pope |
| 474-491
|
Zeno, eastern Roman emperor |
| 476
|
Official end of western Roman empire, last emperor Romulus Augustulus |
| 480-547
|
St. Benedict, founded the Benedictines |
| 483-492
|
Pope Felix III (II), 49th Pope |
| |
| 484-640
|
Period between Great Schism and the destruction of the Library of
Alexendria
|
| |
- After the end of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church sees a period
of
|
| |
turmoil and division, Europe's population "halved" by plague, great
|
| |
earthquakes occur |
| |
| 484-519
|
Acacian schism, over "Henoticon" divides Eastern (Greek) and Western
|
| |
(Roman) churches. Photinus, deacon of Thessalonica, was of the Greek
|
| |
church and held to the Acacian heresy, which denied the divine paternity
of
|
| |
Christ. Photinus persuaded emperor Anastasius I to accept the Acacian
|
| |
heresy. |
| 484
|
Letters of Vigilius of Thapsus, early Christian church father |
| 489
|
Zeno destroys Nestorian (451) school at Edessa, erects Church of St
Simeon |
| 491
|
Armenian Church seceds from East (Byzantium) and West (Rome) churches |
| 491-518
|
Anastasius I eastern Roman emperor |
| 492-496
|
Pope Gelasius I, 50th Pope, "Vicar of Christ" is first used as another
title |
| 496-498
|
Pope Anastasius II |
| 498
|
Nestorians (451) settle in Nisibis, Persia |
| 498-514
|
Pope Symmachus |
| 514-523
|
Pope Hormisdas |
| 523-526
|
Pope John I, martyr |
| 498-506
|
Anti-Pope Lawrence, Lawrencian schism |
| 500
|
Incense introduced in Christian church service, first plans of Vatican |
| 500?
|
Codex Sangallensis vg: earliest extant Latin Vulgate, Gospels |
| 500?
|
Codex Argenteus (got): earliest nearly complete Gothic (German), Gospels |
| 500?
|
Codex Cottonianus: Greek Genesis |
| 502
|
Narsai of Mealletha, Syrian poet, heads Nestorian school in Nisibis(498) |
| 518-527
|
Justin I: emperor of Byzantine (former eastern Roman) empire |
| 524
|
Boethius, b.480?, Roman Christian philosopher, wrote: "Theological
|
| |
Tractates", "Consolation of Philosophy"; (Loeb Classics) (Latin) |
| 525
|
Dionysius Exiguus sets Christian calendar (a.d.) & Jesus' birth @ 23 Dec
1AD |
| 526
|
Earthquake in Antioch kills 250,000 |
| 526-530
|
Pope Felix IV (III) |
| 527-565
|
Justinian the Great, Byzantine emperor |
| 527
|
Letters of Fulgentius, early Christian church father |
| 529
|
Justinian closes 1000yr Athen's School of Philosophy, declared
Paganistic |
| 530-532
|
Pope Boniface II |
| 530
|
Anti-Pope Dioscorus |
| 532-535
|
Pope John II |
| 533
|
N. Africa captured by Belisarius from Vandals, becomes Byzantine
province |
| 534-870
|
Malta becomes Byzantine province |
| 535-536
|
Pope Agapitus I |
| 536-537
|
Pope Silverius, martyr |
| 537-555
|
Pope Vigilius, involved in death of Pope Silverius, conspired with
Justinian
|
| |
and Theodora, excommunicated by N. African bishops in 550 |
| 539-562
|
War between Byzantine empire and Persia |
| 542
|
Plague in Constantinople from Egyptian and Syrian rats, spreads to
Europe |
| 543
|
Justinian condemns Origen (254), disastrous earthquakes hit the world |
| 541-546
|
Codex Fuldensis vg(F): Latin Vulgate, 27NT + Epistle to Laodiceans |
| 544
|
Justinian condemns the "3 Chapters" of Theodore of Mopsuestia (d.428)
and
|
| |
other writings of "2-natures" Christology of Council of Chalcedon (451) |
| 547
|
Pope Vigilius issues "Iudicatum" supporting Justinian's anti-"2-natures" |
| 547
|
Plague reaches Britain |
| 548
|
Letters of Apringius Pacensis, early Christian church father |
| 550-1453
|
Medieval Greek of Constantinople (Byzantium) becomes standard Greek |
| 550
|
Byzantine Greek Text, standard Eastern Bible, much smoothing &
conflation |
| 550
|
St. David converts Wales to Christianity, crucifix becomes Christian
icon |
| 550?
|
Codex Claromontanus (Dp): Greek/Latin Pauline Epistles + Canon of ~250AD
|
| |
lists 27NT+Barnabas+Hermas+Acts_of_Paul+Apocalypse_of_Peter; |
| |
"Western" type |
| 550?
|
Codex Mediolanensis vg(M): Latin Vulgate Gospels |
| 550?
|
Codex Veronensis: Greek & Old Latin Psalms |
| 555
|
2nd Council of Constantinople, 5th ecumenical, called by Justinian |
| 556-561
|
Pope Pelagius I, selected by Justinian, endorsed "Iudicatum" (547) |
| 561-574
|
Pope John III, authorized by Justinian |
| 565-578
|
Justin II, Byzantine emperor |
| 567
|
Letters of Primasius, Cassiodorus; early Christian church fathers |
| 572-628
|
War between Byzantine empire and Persia |
| 575-579
|
Pope Benedict I, authorized by Justin II, |
| 578-582
|
Tiberius II, Byzantine emperor |
| 579-590
|
Pope Pelagius II, died of plague |
| 582-602
|
Maurice, Byzantine emperor |
| 587
|
Visigoths of Spain converted to Christianity |
| 589
|
Lombards of Italy converted to Christianity |
| 590
|
Plague in Rome |
| 590-604
|
Pope Gregory I, commanded that a way be found to collect and preserve
the
|
| |
singing of the Benedictine monks of Santo Domingo de Silos (now known as
|
| |
Gregorian Chant) |
| 594
|
End of plague which began in 542 and "halved" the population of Europe! |
| 596
|
St. Augustine of Canterbury sent to convert Britain to Christianity |
| 600?
|
Codex Harleianus vg(Z): Latin Vulgate Gospels |
| 600?
|
Codex Philoxenian/Harclean Syr(ph/h): Syriac 27NT, "Western" text-type |
| 602-610
|
Phocas, Byzantine emperor after killing Maurice |
| 604-606
|
Pope Sabinian, authorized by Phocas |
| 606-607
|
Pope Boniface III, authorized by Phocas |
| 607-615
|
Pope Boniface IV, authorized by Phocas |
| 609
|
Roman Pantheon (a Pagan Temple) renamed Church of Santa Maria Rotonda |
| 610-641
|
Heraclius, Byzantine emperor after killing Phocas |
| 611
|
Mohammed's reported vision of Allahon Mount Hira |
| 614
|
Persians take Damascas and Jerusalem and "Holy Cross of Christ" |
| 615
|
earliest records of some of Mohammed's teachings |
| 615-618
|
Pope Deusdedit |
| 619-625
|
Pope Boniface V, authorized by Heraclius |
| 622-680
|
Monothelite controversy: condemned at 6th Ecum. Council of
Constantinople |
| 622
|
first year in Muslim calendar, The Hegira, 1a.h., (a.h. = anno hegirae) |
| 624
|
Mohammed marries Aisha, daughter of Abu Bekr |
| 625
|
Paulinus of Rome comes to convert Northumbria to Christianity |
| 625-638
|
Pope Honorius I |
| 625
|
Mohammed begins dictation of Qur'an (Koran) to his scribe |
| 626
|
King Edwin of Northumbria founds Edinburgh and begins Christianization |
| 627
|
Byzantines defeat Persians at Nineveh |
| 628
|
Emperor Heraclius wins back "Cross of Christ" from Persians |
| 628
|
Mohammed captures Mecca & writes to rulers of the world explaining Islam |
| 629
|
Heraclius recovers Jerusalem from Persians |
| 629
|
Pope Honorius I sides with Emperor Heraclius and Monothelites (622) |
| 632
|
Mohammed, b. 570?, Arab prophet and founder of Islam |
| 632
|
East Anglia Christianized |
| 632
|
Abu Bekr, first Islamic Caliph, seat at Medina |
| 634
|
Omar I, 2d Caliph, takes Syria/Persia/Egypt;defeats Heraclius in Holy
War |
| 635
|
Christianization of Wessex |
| 635-750
|
Damascus becomes capital of Islamic Caliphs |
| 636
|
Southern Irish Church submits to Roman Catholicism |
| 637
|
Jerusalem captured by Islam |
| 638
|
Emp. Heraclius' "Ecthesis", decrees Christ of one nature: "Monothelites" |
| 640
|
Pope Severinus |
| 640
|
Library of Alexandria, "The Center of Western Culture," with 300,000
|
| |
ancient papyrus scrolls, is completely distroyed. |
| |
| 640-1380
|
Period between destruction of Library of Alexandria and the first
complete
|
| |
English translation of the Bible |
| |
| 640-642
|
Pope John IV |
| 642-649
|
Pope Theodore I |
| 649-654
|
Pope Martin I, martyr |
| 654-657
|
Pope Eugene I |
| 657-673
|
Pope Vitalian |
| 673-676
|
Pope Adeodatus II |
| 676-678
|
Pope Donus |
| 678-682
|
Pope Agatho |
| 682-684
|
Pope Leo II |
| 684-685
|
Pope Benedict II |
| 685-686
|
Pope John V |
| 686-687
|
Pope Conon |
| 687
|
Anti-Pope Theodore |
| 687
|
Anti-Pope Paschal |
| 687-701
|
Pope Sergius I |
| 690?
|
Earliest Bible translations into England's vernacular, continued work by
Bede |
| |
and others from this point forward |
| 701-705
|
Pope John VI |
| 705-708
|
Pope John VII |
| 708
|
Pope Sisinnius |
| 708-715
|
Pope Constantine |
| 715-731
|
Pope Gregory II |
| 731-741
|
Pope Gregory III |
| 741-752
|
Pope Zachary |
| 750?
|
Tower added to St Peter's Basilica at the front of the atrium |
| 752-757
|
Pope Stephen II (III) |
| 757-768
|
Pope Paul I |
| 767
|
Anti-Pope Constantine |
| 768
|
Anti-Pope Philip |
| 768-772
|
Pope Stephen III (IV) |
| 772-795
|
Pope Adrian I |
| 795-816
|
Pope Leo III |
| 816-817
|
Pope Stephen IV (V) |
| 817-824
|
Pope Paschal I |
| 824-827
|
Pope Eugene II |
| 827
|
Pope Valentine |
| 827-844
|
Pope Gregory IV |
| 844
|
Anti-Pope John |
| 844-847
|
Pope Sergius II |
| 847-855
|
Pope Leo IV |
| 850?
|
King Alfred translation of several Bible books into English vernacular,
also
|
| |
done by Aldhelm and Aelfric |
| 855-858
|
Pope Benedict III |
| 855
|
Anti-Pope Anastasius |
| 856
|
Earthquake in Corinth kills 45,000 |
| 858-867
|
Pope Nicholas I |
| 867-872
|
Pope Adrian II |
| 872-882
|
Pope John VII |
| 882-884
|
Pope Marinus I |
| 884-885
|
Pope Adrian III |
| 885-891
|
Pope Stephen V (VI) |
| 891-896
|
Pope Formosus |
| 896
|
Pope Boniface VI |
| 896-897
|
Pope Stephen VI (VII) |
| 897
|
Pope Romanus |
| 897-898
|
Pope Theodore II |
| 898-900
|
Pope John IX |
| 900-903
|
Pope Benedict IV |
| 903-904
|
Pope Leo V |
| 903
|
Anti-Pope Christopher |
| 904-911
|
Pope Sergius III |
| 911-913
|
Pope Anastasius III |
| 913-914
|
Pope Landus |
| 914-928
|
Pope John X |
| 928
|
Pope Leo VI |
| 928-931
|
Pope Stephen VII (VIII) |
| 931-936
|
Pope John XI |
| 936-939
|
Pope Leo VII |
| 939-942
|
Pope Stephen VIII (IX) |
| 942-946
|
Pope Marinus II |
| 946-955
|
Pope Agapitus II |
| 955-963
|
Pope John XII |
| 963-964
|
Pope Leo VIII |
| 964-965
|
Pope Benedict V |
| 965-973
|
Pope John XIII |
| 973-974
|
Pope Benedict VI |
| 974
|
Anti-Pope Boniface VII |
| 974-983
|
Pope Benedict VII |
| 983-985
|
Pope John XIV |
| 985-996
|
Pope John XV |
| 996-999
|
Pope Gregory V |
| 997
|
Anti-Pope John XVI |
| 999-1003
|
Pope Sylvester II |
| 1003-1004
|
Pope John XVII |
| 1004-1009
|
Pope John XVIII |
| 1009-1012
|
Pope Sergius IV |
| 1012-1024
|
Pope Benedict VIII |
| 1012
|
Anti-Pope Gregory |
| 1024-1032
|
Pope John XIX |
| 1032-1045
|
Pope Benedict IX |
| 1045
|
Pope Sylvester III |
| 1045
|
Pope Benedict IX |
| 1045-1046
|
Pope Gregory VI |
| 1046-1047
|
Pope Clement II |
| 1047-1048
|
Pope Benedict IX |
| 1048-1049
|
Pope Damasus II |
| 1049-1055
|
Pope Leo IX |
| 1054
|
Split between Eastern and Western churches formalized, Orthodox Church
|
| |
founded |
| 1055-1057
|
Pope Victor II |
| 1057-1059
|
Pope Stephen IX (X) |
| 1057
|
Earthquake in Cilicia (Asia Minor) kills 60,000 |
| 1058
|
Anti-Pope Benedict X |
| 1059-1061
|
Pope Nicholas II |
| 1061-1073
|
Pope Alexender II |
| 1061
|
Anti-Pope Honorius II |
| 1073-1086
|
Gregory VII |
| 1080
|
Anti-Pope Clement III |
| 1086-1088
|
Pope Victor III |
| 1088-1099
|
Pope Urban II |
| 1095-1291
|
10 Crusades, 1st called by Pope Urban II, to restore Asia Minor to
Byzantium
|
| |
and conquer the Holy Land from the Turks |
| 1099-1118
|
Pope Paschal II |
| 1100
|
Anti-Pope Theodoric |
| 1102
|
Anti-Pope Albert |
| 1105
|
Anti-Pope Sylvester IV |
| 1118-1119
|
Pope Gelasius II |
| 1118
|
Anti-Pope Gregory VIII |
| 1119-1124
|
Pope Callistus II |
| 1124-1130
|
Pope Honorius II |
| 1124
|
Anti-Pope Celestine II |
| 1130-1143
|
Pope Innocent II |
| 1130
|
Anti-Pope Anacletus II |
| 1138
|
Anti-Pope Victor IV |
| 1143-1144
|
Pope Celestine II |
| 1144-1145
|
Pope Lucius II |
| 1145-1153
|
Pope Eugene III |
| 1153-1154
|
Pope Anastasius IV |
| 1154-1159
|
Pope Adrian IV |
| 1159-1181
|
Pope Alexander III |
| 1159
|
Anti-Pope Victor IV |
| 1164
|
Anti-Pope Paschal III |
| 1168
|
Anti-Pope Callistus III |
| 1179
|
Anti-Pope Innocent III |
| 1181-1185
|
Pope Lucius III |
| 1185-1187
|
Pope Urban III |
| 1187
|
Pope Gregory VIII |
| 1187-1191
|
Pope Clement III |
| 1191
|
Pope Celestine III |
| 1198-1216
|
Pope Innocent III |
| 1206
|
Rosary is reportedly given to St. Dominic by an apparition of Mary |
| 1215
|
Dominican order begun |
| 1216-1227
|
Pope Honorius III |
| 1223
|
Franciscan order begun |
| 1225-1274
|
Thomas Aquinas, theologian and philosopher |
| 1227-1241
|
Pope Gregory IX |
| 1241-1243
|
Pope Celestine IV |
| 1243-1254
|
Pope Innocent IV |
| 1254-1261
|
Pope Alexander IV |
| 1260
|
Date which a 1988 Vatican sponsered scientific study places the origin
of the |
| |
Shroud of Turin |
| 1261-1265
|
Pope Urban IV |
| 1265-1271
|
Pope Clement IV |
| 1271-1276
|
Pope Gregory X |
| 1276
|
Pope Innocent V |
| 1276
|
Pope Adrian V |
| 1276-1277
|
Pope John XXI |
| 1277-1294
|
Pope Nicholas IV |
| 1294
|
Pope Celestine V |
| 1294-1303
|
Pope Boniface VIII |
| 1303-1305
|
Pope Benedict XI |
| 1305-1316
|
Pope Clement V |
| 1316-1334
|
Pope John XXII |
| 1321?
|
The Divine Comedy, by Dante Alighieri |
| 1328
|
Anti-Pope Nicholas V |
| 1334-1342
|
Pope Benedict XII |
| 1342-1352
|
Pope Clement VI |
| 1350?
|
English begins to emerge as the national language of England |
| 1350?
|
Renaissance begins in Italy |
| 1352-1362
|
Pope Innocent VI |
| 1354
|
Earliest extant documentation stating the existance of the Shroud of
Turin |
| 1362-1370
|
Pope Urban V |
| 1370-1378
|
Pope Gregory XI |
| 1378-1389
|
Pope Urban VI |
| 1378
|
Anti-Pope Clement VII |
| |
| 1380-1517
|
Period between the 1st complete English translation of the Bible and
Martin
|
| |
Luther's 95 Theses |
| |
| 1380-1382
|
John Wycliffe, eminant theologian at Oxford, makes NT (1380) and OT
(with
|
| |
help of Nicholas of Hereford) (1382) translations in English, 1st
complete
|
| |
translation to English, included deutercanonical books, preached against
|
| |
abuses, expressed unorthodox views of the sacraments (Penance and |
| |
Eucharist), the use of relics, and against celibacy of the clergy |
| 1384
|
John Purvey, follower of John Wycliffe, revises Wycliffe's translation |
| 1389-1404
|
Pope Boniface IX |
| 1390?
|
Wycliffe's teachings condemned repeatedly in England |
| 1394
|
Anti-Pope Benedict XIII |
| 1404-1406
|
Pope Innocent VII |
| 1406-1417
|
Pope Gregory XII |
| 1408
|
Council of Oxford forbids translations of the Scriptures into the
vernacular
|
| |
unless and until they were fully approved by Church authority, sparked
by
|
| |
Wycliffite Bible, Sir Thomas More said: "It neither forbiddith the
translations |
| |
to be read that were already well done of old before Wycliffe's days,
nor
|
| |
damneth his because it was new but because it was naught; nor
prohibiteth
|
| |
new to be made but provideth that they shall not be read if they be made
|
| |
amiss till they be by good examination amended." ("A Dialogue against
|
| |
Heresies") |
| 1409
|
Anti-Pope Alexander V |
| 1410
|
Anti-Pope John XXIII |
| 1412-1431
|
St. Joan of Arc, French national heroine |
| 1415
|
Council of Florence condemns all of Wycliffe's works, but the actual
Bibles
|
| |
continued to be used after having the heretical prologue removed, and
were
|
| |
possessed by both religious houses and those of the nobility and tacitly
|
| |
accepted by Catholics |
| 1417-1431
|
Pope Martin V |
| 1431-1447
|
Pope Eugene IV |
| 1439
|
Anti-Pope Felix V |
| 1447-1455
|
Pope Nicholas V |
| 1453
|
Byzantium succeeded by the Ottoman Empire |
| 1455-1458
|
Pope Callistus III |
| 1458-1464
|
Pope Pius II |
| 1464-1471
|
Pope Paul II |
| 1466-1536
|
Desiderius Erasmus, Dutch scholar, Greek NT used in many 16th century
|
| |
translations |
| 1471-1484
|
Pope Sixtus IV |
| 1473-1481
|
Sistine Chapel built, under supervision of Giovanni de Dolci |
| 1478
|
Inquisition established by Pope Sixtus IV |
| 1483-1546
|
Martin Luther, leader of Protestant reformation, preached that only
faith
|
| |
leads to salvation without mediation of clergy or good works, attacked
|
| |
authority of the Pope, rejected priestly celibacy, recommended
individual
|
| |
study of the Bible (see 1517, 1522)
Until this point "The
Church" signified the Roman Catholic Church. |
| 1484-1492
|
Pope Innocent VIII |
| 1488-1569
|
Miles Coverdale, Augustinian friar who left the Order, repudiated |
| |
Catholicism, 1st Protestant Bishop of Exeter |
| 1491-1556
|
Ignatius of Loyola, founded the Jesuit order (see 1534) |
| 1492
|
Christopher Columbus's first voyage, discovers San Salvador - begins
|
| |
Spanish colonization of the New World |
| 1492-1503
|
Pope Alexander VI |
| 1503
|
Pope Pius III |
| 1503-1513
|
Pope Julius II |
| 1505-1572
|
John Knox, Protestant reformer in Scotland (see 1560) |
| 1506
|
Pope Julius II orders the Old St Peter's Basilica torn down and
authorizes
|
| |
Donato Bramante to plan a new structure, demolition completed in 1606 |
| 1508-1512
|
Michelangelo frescoes the Sistine Chapel's vaulted ceiling |
| 1509-1547
|
Henry VIII ruler of England |
| 1509-1564
|
John Calvin, preached predetermination, good conduct and success were
signs
|
| |
of election |
| 1513-1522
|
Pope Leo X |
| |
| 1517-1994
|
Modern Era of Christianity - Luther, Calvin lay the seeds of modern
|
| |
Protestantism, England breaks away from the Catholic Church |
| |
| 1517
|
95 Theses (Martin Luther) |
| 1518-1532
|
St Terese of Avila |
| 1520
|
Luther excommunicated |
| 1522-1523
|
Pope Adrian VI |
| 1522
|
Luther's German NT translation |
| 1523-1534
|
Pope Clement VII |
| 1524
|
South German peasant uprising, repressed with Luther's support, begins
1.5
|
| |
century long religious wars |
| 1525-1534
|
Tyndale's translation of the NT from Greek text of Erasmus (1466)
compared
|
| |
against the Vulgate and the Pentateuch from the Hebrew (1525) compared
to
|
| |
Vulgate and Luther's German version (1530), first printed edition, used
as a
|
| |
vehicle by Tyndale for bitter attacks on the Church, reflects influence
of
|
| |
Luther's NT of 1522 in rejecting "priest" for "elder", "church" for
|
| |
"congregation" |
| 1530
|
Augsburg Confession, Martin Luther founds the Lutheran Church |
| 1531
|
Reported apparition of Mary at Guadalupe, Mexico, considered "worthy of
|
| |
belief" by the Catholic Church |
| 1531
|
Earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal kills 30,000 |
| 1534
|
Henry VIII breaks England away from the Catholic church, confiscates
|
| |
monastic property, beginning of Episcopal Church |
| 1534-1550
|
Pope Paul III |
| 1534
|
Jesuit order founded by Lyola (1491-1556), helped reconvert large areas
of
|
| |
Poland, Hungary, and S. Germany and sent missionaries to the New World,
|
| |
India, and China |
| 1535-1537
|
Coverdale's Bible (see 1488), used Tyndale's (1525) translation along
with
|
| |
Latin and German versions, included Apocrypha at the end of the OT (like
|
| |
Luther) as was done in later English versions, 1537 edition received
royal
|
| |
license, but banned in 1546 |
| 1536
|
Tyndale put to death, left his OT translation in manuscript, English
|
| |
ecclesiaastical authorities ordered his Bible burned because it was
thought to |
| |
be part of Lutheran reform |
| 1537-1551
|
Matthew Bible, by John Rogers (1500-1555), based on Tyndale and |
| |
Coverdale received royal license but not authorized for use in public
worship, |
| |
numerous editions, 1551 edition contained offensive notes (based on
Tyndale) |
| 1536-1541
|
Michelangelo paints the Last Judgement |
| 1539-1552
|
Richard Taverner's (1505-1577) revisions of Matthew Bible, mostly NT
|
| |
revisions since he didn't know Hebrew, 1st edition most reliable |
| 1539-1569
|
Great Bible, by Thomas Cromwell, 1st English Bible to be authorized for
|
| |
public use in English churches, defective in many places, based on last
|
| |
Tyndale's NT of 1534-1535, corrected by a Latin version of the Hebrew
OT,
|
| |
Latin Bible of Erasmus, and Complutensian Polyglot, last edition 1569,
never
|
| |
denounced by England |
| 1542
|
Conocation makes an unsuccessful attempt to correct the Great Bible
against
|
| |
the Vulgate |
| 1543
|
Parliament bans Tyndale's translation as a "crafty, false and untrue
|
| |
transalation", although 80% of the words were in the RV |
| 1545-1563
|
Council of Trent, Catholic Reformation, or counter-reformation, met
|
| |
Protestant challenge, clearly defining an official theology |
| 1546
|
King Henry VIII forbids anyone to have a copy of Tyndale's or
Coverdale's NT |
| 1547-1553
|
Edward VI ruler of England |
| 1549
|
Book of Common Prayer (Episcopal Church) |
| 1550-1555
|
Pope Julius III |
| 1550?
|
St. Thomas More, Cranmer, and Foxe affirm the existence of English
versions
|
| |
of portions of the Bible, including the Gospels (11th century), Mark,
Luke,
|
| |
Epistles of Paul (14th century), Apocalypse (11th century) |
| 1553-1558
|
Mary I ruler of England, publications of English Scriptures cease
(except for |
| |
Geneva NT of 1557), many clerics leave England |
| 1553
|
Pontifical Gregorian University founded at Vatican City |
| 1555
|
Pope Marcellus II |
| 1555-1559
|
Pope Paul IV |
| 1556
|
Beza's Latin NT |
| 1558-1603
|
Elizabeth I ruler of England |
| 1559-1566
|
Pope Pius IV |
| 1560
|
Geneva Bible, NT a revision of Matthew's version of Tyndale with use of
|
| |
Beza's NT (1556), OT a thorough revision of Great Bible, appointed to be
read |
| |
in Scotland (but not England), at least 140 editions |
| 1560
|
Scotch Presbyterian Church founded by John Knox (1505-1572), due to
|
| |
disagreement with Lutherans over sacraments and church government |
| 1563
|
39 Articles (Episcopal Church) |
| 1566-1572
|
Pope Pius V |
| 1571
|
Superior force of Turks intent upon conquering Christian Europe is
beaten
|
| |
decisively by Christian sailors reportedly calling upon the name of Our
Lady
|
| |
of the Rosary |
| 1572-1585
|
Pope Gregory XIII |
| 1572-1606
|
Bishop's Bible, an inadequate and unsatisfactory revision of the Great
Bible
|
| |
checked against the Hebrew text, 1st to be published in England by
episcopal
|
| |
authority |
| 1582
|
Rheims NT, based on Coverdale, Bishops', Geneva, follows Wycliffe |
| 1585-1590
|
Pope Sixtus V |
| 1590-1591
|
Pope Urban VII |
| 1590
|
Sistine edition of the Vulgate |
| 1590
|
Michelangelo's dome in St Peter's Basilica completed |
| 1591-1592
|
Pope Innocent IX |
| 1592-1605
|
Pope Clement VIII |
| 1596
|
Ukranian Catholic Church forms when Ukranian subjects of the king of
Poland
|
| |
are reunited with Rome, largest Byzantine Catholic Church |
| 1603-1625
|
James I ruler of England, 1st to call himself King of Great Britain,
became
|
| |
official with Act of Union in 1707 |
| 1605
|
Pope Leo XI |
| 1605-1621
|
Pope Paul V |
| 1606
|
Carlo Maderno redesigns St Peter's Basilica into a Latin cross |
| 1609
|
Baptist Church founded by John Smyth, due to objections to infant
baptism
|
| |
and demands for church-state separation |
| 1609-1610
|
Rheims-Douay Bible, 1st Catholic English translation, OT published in
two
|
| |
volumes, based on an unofficial Louvain text corrected by Sistine
Vulgate
|
| |
(1590), NT is Rheims text of 1582 |
| 1611-1800
|
King James (Authorized) Version, based on Bishop's Bible of 1572 with
use of
|
| |
Rheims NT of 1582 - included Apocropha, alterations found in many
editions
|
| |
through 1800, revisors accused of being "damnable corrupters of God's
|
| |
word" |
| 1621-1623
|
Pope Gregory XV |
| 1623-1644
|
Pope Urban VIII |
| 1625-1649
|
Charles I ruler of England |
| 1633
|
AV published in Scotland |
| 1644
|
Long Parliament directed that only Hebrew canon only be read in the
Church
|
| |
of England (effectively removed the Apocropha) |
| 1644-1655
|
Pope Innocent X |
| 1653-1658
|
Oliver Cromwell ruler of England |
| 1655-1667
|
Pope Alexander VII |
| 1658-1712
|
Richard Cromwell ruler of England |
| 1660-1685
|
Charles II king of England, restoration of monarchy in England beginning
under |
| |
Charles II, continuing through James II, reversed decision of Long
Parliament |
| |
of 1644, reinstating the Apocrypha, reversal not heeded by
non-conformists |
| 1667-1670
|
Pope Clement IX |
| 1667
|
Earthquake in Shemaka, Caucasia kills 80,000 |
| 1670-1676
|
Pope Clement X |
| 1676-1689
|
Pope Innocent XI |
| 1685-1688
|
James II king of England, deposed |
| 1689-1702
|
William III king of England, with Mary II as queen until 1694 |
| 1689-1691
|
Pope Alexander VIII |
| 1691-1700
|
Pope Innocent XII |
| 1693
|
Earthquake in Catania, Italy kills 60,000 |
| 1700-1721
|
Pope Clement XI |
| 1702-1714
|
Anne queen of England |
| 1714-1727
|
George I king of England |
| 1714
|
AV published in Ireland |
| 1718
|
Catholic English version of NT by Dr. Nary, much less bulky than Reims- |
| |
Douay |
| 1721-1724
|
Pope Innocent XIII |
| 1724-1730
|
Pope Benedict XIII |
| 1727-1760
|
George II king of England |
| 1730-1740
|
Pope Clement XII |
| 1730
|
Catholic English version of NT, revision of Reims NT by Dr. Robert
Witham |
| 1738
|
Methodist Church founded by Rev John Wesley |
| 1738-1816
|
New Catholic English versions of NT by Dr. Richard Challoner and Francis
|
| |
Blyth O.D.C., Bernard MacMahon, Dr Troy |
| 1740-1758
|
Pope Benedict XIV |
| 1752
|
AV published in New World colonies |
| 1755
|
Earthquake in Northern Persia kills 40,000 |
| 1755
|
Earthquake in Lisbon, Portugal kills 60,000 (estimated at 8.75 Richter) |
| 1758-1769
|
Pope Clement XIII |
| 1760-1820
|
George III king of England |
| 1769-1775
|
Pope Clement XIV |
| 1775-1800
|
Pope Pius VI |
| 1776
|
British colonies in America declare independance from England, American
|
| |
Revolution |
| 1783
|
Earthquake in Calabria, Italy kills 30,000 |
| 1797
|
Earthquake in Quito, Ecuador kills 41,000 |
| 1800-1823
|
Pope Pius VII |
| 1801-1877
|
Brigham Young, Mormon leader, colonized Utah |
| 1811
|
Dr. Hay's revision of Challoner's version |
| 1820-1830
|
George IV king of England |
| 1822
|
Earthquake in Aleppo, Asia Minor kills 22,000 |
| 1815
|
Catholic Bible Society NT, based on Challoner's |
| 1816-1829
|
Challoner's 3rd revision, Dr. John Lingard's translation from Greek
using
|
| |
Vulgate when possible |
| 1823-1829
|
Pope Leo XII |
| 1827
|
Mormon Church founded by Joseph Smith as a result of reported visions of
|
| |
the Angel Moroni |
| 1829-1831
|
Pope Pius VIII |
| 1830-1837
|
William IV king of England |
| 1830
|
Reported apparition of Mary in Paris, France, considered "worthy of
belief"
|
| |
by the Catholic Church |
| 1831-1846
|
Pope Gregory XVI |
| 1832
|
Church of Christ (Disciples) organized, made up of Presbyterians in
distress
|
| |
over Protestant factionalism and decline of fervor |
| 1837-1901
|
Victoria queen of England |
| 1846-1878
|
Pope Pius IX |
| 1846
|
Reported apparition of Mary in La Salette, France, considered "worthy of
|
| |
belief" by the Catholic Church |
| 1852-1922
|
Charles Taze Russell, founded the Jehova's Witnesses movement in the
1870s |
| 1858
|
Reported apparition of Mary in Lourdes, France, considered "worthy of
|
| |
belief" by the Catholic Church |
| 1859-1959
|
90 Catholic NT editions, 56 Catholic editions of the whole Bible |
| 1868
|
Earthquakes in Peru and Ecuador kills 40,000 |
| 1869-1870
|
First Vatican Council, 20th ecumenical, affirms doctrine of papal
infallibility |
| |
(ie. when a pope speaks ex cathedra on faith or morals he does so with
the
|
| |
supreme apostolic authority, which no Catholic may question or reject) |
| 1871
|
Reported apparition of Mary in Pontmain, France, considered "worthy of
|
| |
belief" by the Catholic Church |
| 1875
|
Earthquake in Colombia, Venezuela |
| 1878-1903
|
Pope Leo XIII |
| 1878
|
14-point creed of the Niagara Bible Conference, used by Fundamentalists |
| 1879
|
Reported apparition of Mary in Knock, Ireland, considered "worthy of
belief"
|
| |
by the Catholic Church |
| 1881-1894
|
Revised Version, called for by Church of England, used Greek based on
|
| |
Septuagint (B) and (S), Massoretic text used in OT, follows Greek order
of
|
| |
words, greater accuracy than AV, includes Apocrypha, scholarship never
|
| |
disputed |
| 1898-1904
|
Twentieth Century NT, changed order of books to chronological |
| 1901-1910
|
Edward VII king of England |
| 1901
|
American Standard Version, recension of the RV, included words/phrases
|
| |
preferred by Americans, follows Greek order of words |
| 1901
|
Pentecostal Church formed in Topeka, Kansas in reaction to loss of
|
| |
evangelical fervor among Methodists and other denominations |
| 1902
|
Richard Weymouth NT, a careful literary translation |
| 1903-1914
|
Pope Pius X, most recent Pope to be canonized |
| 1910-1936
|
George V king of England |
| 1910
|
5-point statement of the Presbyterian General Assembly, also used by
|
| |
Fundamentalists |
| 1910-1915
|
The Fundamentals, a 12-volume collection of essays by 64 British and
|
| |
American scholars and preachers, a foundation of Fundamentalism |
| 1913-1924
|
James Moffat Bible, 1st one man translation in almost 400 years |
| 1914-1922
|
Pope Benedict XV |
| 1917
|
Reported apparition of Mary in Fatima, Portugal, "miracle of the sun"
|
| |
witnessed by between 70,000 and 100,000 people, considered "worthy of
|
| |
belief" by the Catholic Church |
| 1919
|
World's Christian Fundamentals Association founded |
| 1922-1939
|
Pope Pius XI |
| 1925
|
Scopes Trial, caused division among Fundamentalists |
| 1932
|
Reported apparition of Mary in Beauraing, Belgium, considered "worthy of
|
| |
belief" by the Catholic Church |
| 1933
|
Reported apparition of Mary in Banneux, Belgium, considered "worthy of
|
| |
belief" by the Catholic Church |
| 1936
|
Edward VIII king of England, acceeded and abdicated |
| 1936-1952
|
George VI king of England |
| 1936
|
Westminster NT, unofficial Catholic version (not commissioned by the
|
| |
Hierarchy) |
| 1939-1958
|
Pope Pius XII |
| 1945-1955
|
Knox Version, from Vulgate, asked for by English Hierarchy |
| 1946-1952
|
Revised Standard Version, revision of AV "based on consonantal Hebrew
|
| |
text" for OT and best available texts for NT, done in response to
changes in
|
| |
English usage |
| 1949
|
Basic English Bible, only 1000 words, simple and direct style |
| 1949
|
Discovery of Qumran (Essenes?) scrolls, aka Dead Sea scrolls (see 68) |
| 1952-Present
|
Elizabeth II queen of England |
| 1957
|
United Church of Christ founded by ecumenical union of
Congregationalists and |
| |
Evangelical & Reformed, representing Calvinists and Lutherans |
| 1958-1963
|
Pope John XXIII |
| 1958
|
J. B. Phillip's NT, uses only commonly spoken language |
| 1959
|
Statement of Faith (United Church of Christ) |
| 1961
|
New English Bible, renders original Basic English Bible for private use |
| 1962-1965
|
Second Vatican Council, 21st ecumenical, announced by Pope John XXIII in
|
| |
1959, produced 16 documents which became official after approval by the
|
| |
Pope, purpose to renew "ourselves and the flocks committed to us" (Pope
|
| |
John XXIII) |
| 1963-1978
|
Pope Paul VI |
| 1966
|
RSV Catholic Edition, a joint effort between Catholics and the Church of
|
| |
England, a big step towards a common Catholic/Protestant Bible |
| 1966
|
Jerusalem Bible, translation from original languages based on Bible de
|
| |
Jerusalem, Catholic version |
| 1970
|
Confraternity Version, new Catholic translation from the originals which
|
| |
began before 1939 as a translation from the Vulgate, but ending up as a
new
|
| |
translation from the Hebrew (OT) and Greek (NT). |
| 1971
|
New American Standard Bible, updated the ASV using recent Hebrew and
|
| |
Greek textual discoveries |
| 1978
|
Pope John Paul I |
| 1978
|
New International Version, used eclectic Greek text, Massoretic Hebrew
|
| |
text, and current English style |
| 1978-?
|
Pope John Paul II, reaffirmed conservative moral traditions (The
Splendor of
|
| |
Truth) and the forbidding of women in the priesthood |
| 1979-1982?
|
New King James Bible, complete revision of 1611 AV, updates archaisms
|
| |
while retaining style |
| 1981-?
|
Reported apparitions of Mary in Medjugorje, Yugoslavia, not yet |
| |
approved/disapproved by the Catholic Church |
| 2001 |
Pope Benedict XVI elected (formerly Cardinal Joseph
Ratzinger) |
| |
|
